UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  agricultural  experiment  Station 

,_  .  BENJ.    IDE    WHEELER,    Prcsioent 

COLLEGE    OF    AGRICULTURE  thomas   forsyth   hunt.   oEan  and  d. rector 

OCDUCI    C"V  H*    E-   VAN    NORMAN-    Vice  -  Director   and    Dean 

Ofc-rfl\tL.fc.Y  University   Farm    School 


CIRCULAR   NO.  106 

September,    1913 


DIRECTIONS   FOR  USING  ANTI-HOG- 
CHOLERA  SERUM 


BY 

JAMES  F.  MITCHELL 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  PRESS 
BERKELEY 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2012  with  funding  from 

University  of  California,  Davis  Libraries 


http://www.archive.org/details/directionsforusi106mitc 


DIRECTIONS  FOR  USING  ANTI-HOG 
CHOLERA   SERUM 


BY 
JAMES  F.  MITCHELL 


It  has  been  demonstrated  that  the  blood  serum  of  hogs  that  have 
been  repeatedly  infected  with  the  virus  of  hog  cholera  without  fatal 
results  will,  when  injected  into  uninfected  hogs,  protect  them  against 
the  disease.  This  serum  is  generauy  known  as  Anti-Hog -Choi  era 
Serum.  Its  effectiveness  depends  largely  upon  the  way  it  is  adminis- 
tered to  the  hogs.  The  California  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 
prepares  this  serum,  but  does  not  assume  any  responsibility  for  the 
results  of  its  use.  During  the  two  years  ending  June  30,  1913,  seven 
hundred  and  twenty-eight  applications  were  received  and  filled  by 
this  Station.  The  serum  has  been  used  to  immunize  approximately 
72,780  hogs.  In  communities  where  hog  cholera  is  epidemic  about  fifty 
per  cent  of  the  hogs  die,  but,  although  nearly  all  this  serum  was 
furnished  to  such  communities,  95.3  per  cent  of  all  the  hogs  on 
which  this  serum  was  used  lived.  A  low  estimate  of  the  saving  to 
hog  owners  through  the  use  of  serum  distributed  by  this  station  during 
the  past  two  years  is  $240,000.  This  serum  is  a  preventive  and  not 
a  cure  for  hog  cholera  and,  therefore,  should  be  used  before  the 
animals  become  sick.  There  is  good  reason  to  believe  that,  if  in  every 
case  the  serum  could  have  been  used  early  in  the  outbreak,  before 
many  hogs  had  died,  in  addition  to  the  above  sum,  $350,000  would 
have  been  saved. 

METHODS   OF   USING   ANTI-HOG-CHOLERA   SERUM 
There    are    three    methods    of    using    Anti-Hog-Cholera    Serum, 

the  Serum  Alone,  the  Serum  and  Virus  or  Serum  Simultaneous,  and 

the  double  Methods. 

Serum  Alone  Method. — The  serum  alone  method  consists  in  the 

injection  of  Anti-Hog-Cholera  Serum  deep  into  the  muscles  of  the 

hog.     Such  treatment  will  give  an  immunity  lasting  only  from  three 


weeks  to  three  months.  If  a  hog  is  treated,  in  this  way  and  then  eats 
food  contaminated  with  the  excretions  of  hogs  sick  with  cholera,  it 
will  remain  immune  for  a  much  longer  period.  For  this  reason 
farmers  sometimes  do  not  clean  up  their  pens  after  giving  the  serum 
alone  treatment.  Yet,  while  this  process  may  have  the  desired  effect, 
there  are  great  disadvantages  in  following  it.  So  long  as  the  pens 
are  not  disinfected  and  the  sick  hogs  are  not  destroyed  there  exists 
a  source  of  contamination  that  may  spread  the  disease  throughout 
the  entire  district,  causing  great  loss  to  farmers  who  have  not  treated 
their  hogs.  Besides  this,  the  pens  become  more  contaminated  and 
harder  to  clean  up.  There  is  also  the  possibility  that  treated  hogs 
may  not  have  been  sufficiently  exposed  to  infection  to  lengthen  the 
normally  short  period  of  immunitj^  and  that  they  may  become  infected 
from  these  contaminated  pens  after  the  immunity  has  worn  off.  It  is 
the  best  practice,  at  least  in  a  neighborhood  where  little  cholera  exists, 
to  give  the  treatment  and  then  clean  up. 


PLATE  I 
Sows  heavy  with  pig  may  be  snubbed  to  a  post  and  vaccinated  without  throwing 


When  the  serum  is  used  alone,  provided  it  is  in  good  condition 
and  the  work  is  properly  done,  no  bad  results  will  follow,  even  though 
the  dose  be  doubled,  except  perhaps  to  make  the  animals  lame  for 
a  day  or  so. 


Serum  and  Virus  or  Serum  Simultaneous  Method. — In  the  serum 
and  virus  method  a  dose  of  serum  one  and  one-half  times  that  used  for 
serum  alone  treatment  is  injected  into  one  ham  of  a  hog  and  a  small 
amount  of  virus  (virulent  hog-cholera-producing  blood)  into  the  other 
ham.  This  method  gives  an  immunity  lasting  from  six  months  to  a 
year  or  longer.  In  most  cases  it  is  best  to  follow  this  method,  because 
it  usually  gives  an  immunity  long  enough  to  make  a  second  treatment 
unnecessary.  The  cost  is  about  one  and  one-half  times  that  of  the 
serum  alone  method.  This  method  of  treatment  should  be  administered 
only  by  a  qualified  veterinarian  or  some  one  who  has  received  special 
instruction  in  regard  to  its  use,  as  it  is  attended  by  some  risk.  It 
should  never  be  administered  to  only  a  portion  of  a  herd  unless  that 
portion  be  separated  from  the  rest  for  about  two  weeks,  as  there  is 
danger  to  untreated  hogs  in  case  cholera  develops  in  a  few  of  the 
treated  animals.  One  per  cent  of  the  loss  is  expected  with  this  method. 
This  is  due  to  several  causes,  among  which  may  be  mentioned  the  rela- 
tively greater  leakage  of  serum  from  the  needle  hole,  as  compared  with 
virus,  and  the  unusual  susceptibility  of  some  hogs  to  cholera. 

Double  Method. — The  double  method  of  treatment  is  a  combination 
of  the  serum  alone  and  the  serum  and  virus  methods,  a  treatment 
with  serum  alone  being  followed  in  ten  to  fourteen  days  by  the  serum 
and  virus  treatment,  the  dosage  of  serum,  however,  in  both  treatments 
being  the  same.  This  method  tends  to  eliminate  the  losses  which 
follow  the  serum  and  virus  treatment. 

WHEN  THE  DIFFERENT  METHODS  SHOULD  BE  USED 
Use  Serum  Alone. — 1.  Where  an  immunity  of  three  weeks  is  all 

that  is  required.     This  might  be  the  case  with  fat  hogs  nearly  ready 

for  market,  or  show  hogs  going  to  a  fair. 

2.  On  all  pigs  less  than  five  weeks  old.    Pigs  of  this  age  are  often 

runted  or  die  following  simultaneous  work. 

Use  Serum  and  Virus  (Simultaneous  Method). — 1.  Where  a  more 

lasting  immunity  is  desired,  provided  the  case  does  not  come  under 

recommendations  for  Serum  Alone  or  Double  Method. 

2.  In  non-infected  herds  of  mixed  hogs,  or  in  herds  recently 
infected  with  acute  cholera. 

3.  On  breeding  stock  as  pigs  from  immune  sows  possess  a  slight 
immunity  lasting  until  they  are  four  to  six  weeks  old. 

The  dosage  for  all  simultaneous  work  is  one  and  one-half  times 
that  required  for  serum  alone  treatment. 

The  Serum  and  Virus  Method  should  never  be  used  on  hogs  with 
chronic  cholera  or  those  having  fever,  as  an  injection  of  virus  often 
brings  on  an  acute  attack  of  the  disease.    Otherwise  this  method  should 


be  used  wherever  possible,  as  it  gives  an  immunity  long  enough  to 
allow  the  hogs  to  reach  marketable  age  or  to  outlive  an  outbreak  of 
cholera.  The  immunity  lasts  from  three  months  in  suckling  pigs  to 
two  years  in  mature  hogs. 

Use  Double  Method. — 1.  In  pure  bred  herds.  2.  In  herds  where 
cholera  is  extensive,  especially  where  it  is  of  the  chronic  type. 

While  this  method  is  more  costly  than  the  others,  yet  it  has  the 
advantage  of  greater  safety  and  a  lasting  immunity. 

In  districts  where  the  services  of  competent  men  for  inoculating 
the  hogs  are  not  available,  the  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  will, 
if  possible,  send  a  man  to  do  the  work  without  charge  except  for  actual 
expenses  incurred,  provided  the  hog  owner  will  bring  together  his 
neighbors  and  his  local  veterinarian  to  see  the  work  demonstrated,  and 
that  there  are  at  least  50  head  to  be  immunized. 

In  a  few  cases  the  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  has  repeatedly 
sent  men  to  treat  hogs  for  the  same  party.  When  such  is  the  case,  the 
party  whose  hogs  are  treated  must  pay,  in  addition  to  the  actual 
expenses  incurred,  an  amount  equivalent  to  the  salary  of  the  man  sent 
to  do  the  work  from  the  time  he  leaves  the  Agricultural  Experiment 
Station  until  his  return. 


PLATE  II 

Another  method  of  vaccinating  sows  heavy  with  pig,  or  heavy  hogs.     This 

method  is  not  so  satisfactory  as  that  shown  in  Plate  I. 


EQUIPMENT  NECESSARY 

Syringe  of  20  to  120  cc.  capacity,  graduated  to  give  a  5  cc.  dose. 

Four  needles  of  large  caliber,  two  of  them  2y2  inches  long  for 
injecting  large  hogs  and  two  of  them  iy2  inches  long  for  small  hogs. 

A  small  syringe  of  5  to  10  cc.  capacity,  graduated  in  half  cc,  for 
injecting  virus.  Needles  should  be  iy2  inches  long  so  as  to  reach 
the  muscle. 

Clinical  thermometers,  one  for  every  ten  hogs  to  be  treated. 

A  pint  Mason  jar  or  tumbler  with  metal  cover  for  holding  serum. 

A  tumbler  with  metal  cover  for  holding  virus. 

Two  pans  and  one  pail  of  warm  disinfectant,  the  pail  to  have  a 
cloth  in  it  for  washing  hogs;  one  pan  to  be  used  for  holding  filled 
syringes  and  the  other  to  be  used  for  washing  syringes  before  refilling. 


PLATE  III 

Equipment  Necessary  for  Vaccinating  Hogs,  to  Prevent  Hog  Cholera 
1.  Clinical  thermometers  for  taking  temperatures.  2.  Original  container  of 
serum.  3.  Mason  jar  for  holding  serum  from  which  to  fill  syringes.  4.  Original 
container  of  virus.  5.  Metal  covered  glass  for  holding  virus  from  which  to  fill 
virus  syringe.  6.  Large  bucket  of  warm  disinfectant  with  which  to  wash  skin 
around  point  of  injection.  7.  Pan  of  warm  disinfectant  for  washing  syringes 
before  refilling  them.  8.  Pan  of  warm  disinfectant  for  holding  filled  syringes. 
9.  Large  syringe  suitable  for  injecting  serum.  10.  Small  syringe  at  base  of 
large  bucket  suitable  for  injecting  virus. 

Articles  Nos.  3  and  5  should  be  boiled  for  ten  minutes  before  using. 
Articles  Nos.  9  and  10  should  be  filled  with  pure  lysol  or  other  disinfectant 
and  then  rinsed  with  warm  boiled  water  before  filling  with  serum  or  virus. 


ADMINISTERING  SERUM 

1.  Act  promptly  on  the  appearance  of  cholera  in  a  neighborhood. 
Delay  means  a  threefold  loss:  (a)  the  hogs  that  die,  (b)  those  that 
sicken,  and  (c)  the  increased  amount  of  serum  necessary,  as  a  larger 
dose  of  serum  on  the  average  is  required  in  treating  hogs  in  badly 
infected  herds. 

2.  Feed  hogs  lightly  during  the  twenty-four  hours  preceding  and 
thirty-six  hours  following  treatment. 

3.  Take  temperatures.  No  hog  having  a  temperature  above  104  or 
105  should  be  injected.  Bear  in  mind  that  in  infected  herds  some  sick 
hogs  will  not  be  picked  out  as  the  disease  in  them  has  not  progressed 
to  the  fever  stage.  Some  hogs  with  chronic  cholera  do  not  have  a 
fever  at  all  times.  Avoid  exciting  and  crowding  hogs  before  treating, 
as  this  tends  to  increase  the  temperature. 

4.  Open  only  one  bottle  of  serum  at  a  time,  first  washing  the 
mouth  of  bottle  with  strong  disinfectant.  Keep  vessels  containing 
serum  covered  with  metal  cover  that  will  not  blow  off. 

.5.  All  glass-ware  must  be  boiled  in  order  to  destroy  any  germs 
that  may  be  on  it.  Syringes  should  be  kept  in  strong  disinfectant 
when  not  in  actual  use. 

6.  Use  separate  vessels  for  virus  and  serum. 

7.  Use  separate  syringes  for  virus  and  serum. 

8.  Use  a  needle  long  enough  to  get  deep  into  the  muscles.  This 
is  especially  important  with  fat  hogs  as  absorption  is  not  good  from 
fatty  tissue. 

9.  In  injecting  small  pigs  use  a  needle  of  smaller  caliber  and  shorter 
shank  than  for  large  hogs. 

10.  Dip  the  needles  in  strong  disinfectant  between  injections. 

11.  Thoroughly  scour  and  disinfect  the  skin  around  the  point  of 
injection,  using  three  per  cent  lysol  or  creolin,  following  with  70  per 
cent  alcohol  where  especially  valuable  hogs  are  being  treated.  If  pos- 
sible let  some  one  other  than  the  operator  wash  the  hogs  for  injection. 

12.  Very  heavy  hogs  and  sows  heavy  with  pig  may  be  snubbed  up 
by  the  nose  to  a  post  and  injectud  standing,  either  behind  the  ear  or 
in  the  rear  of  the  anknal.  (Plates  I  and  II).  Special  care  should  be 
used  in  injecting  behind  the  ear  of  an  animal  because  the  skin  there 
is  very  oily  and  hard  to  clean,  and  the  bones  in  the  neck  are  close  to 
the  surface  and,  if  injured,  serious  results  may  follow.  A  quarter  more 
should  be  given  at  this  point  than  in  the  ham.  When  vaccinating 
around  the  ear  do  not  inject  more  than  20  cc.  in  one  needle  hole, 
because  the  muscles  are  hard  and  do  not  retain  the  serum  well. 


PLATE  IV 
Proper  way  to  hold  and  vaccinate  a  shoat. 


13.  Inject  hogs  weighing  below  a  hundred  pounds  in  the  muscles 
of  the  ham  (Plate  IV),  also  other  hogs  not  for  immediate  sale  to 
butcher.     (Plates  IV  and  V). 

14.  Inject  hogs  intended  for  butchering  in  six  weeks  or  less  in  the 
foreflank,  for  should  abcesses  develop  they  are  of  less  importance  at 
that  point  than  in  the  ham.     (Plate  VI). 


10 


PLATE  V 
Method  of  vaccinating  a  heavy  hog,  not  so  satisfactory  as  that  shown  in  Plate  VI. 


15.  When  injecting  thrust  the  needle  through  the  skin.  Then  slip 
about  a  half  inch  to  one  side  and  push  the  needle  deep  into  the  muscle 
so  that,  when  the  needle  is  withdrawn,  the  hole  into  the  muscle  and 
the  hole  through  the  skin  will  not  lie  above  one  another.  This  will 
help  to  keep  serum  from  leaking  out. 

16.  After  injecting  a  hog,  before  turning  the  animal  loose,  be  sure 
that  the  serum  is  not  leaking  from  the  needle  hole.  It  is  a  good  prac- 
tice, after  the  operation  is  completed,  to  wipe  the  point  of  injection 
with  a  cloth  wet  with  disinfectant. 

17.  Treated  hogs  should  be  kept  in  a  clean  dry  yard  for  three  days 
following  the  injection,  so  that  the  needle  hole  may  have  time  to  heal 
without  becoming  infected,  which  would  cause  abscesses  or  blood 
poisoning. 

18.  Dirty,  muddy,  wet  hogs,  just  out  of  an  irrigated  field  or  wet  pen, 
are  hard  to  handle,  cause  an  operator  to  break  a  great  many  needles 
and  thermometers,  and,  because  of  the  difficulty  in  controlling  their 
struggles,  the  needle  holes  are  apt  to  be  enlarged  so  that  infection, 
resulting  in  abscesses  and  blood  poisoning,  is  more  frequent.  In  work- 
ing with  clean  pigs  the  percent  of  abcesses  is  about  one,  while  in 
dirty,  muddy  hogs  it  is  about  seventy-five. 


11 


PLATE  VI 
Proper  way  of  holding  and  vaccinating  a  large  hog,  especially  those  intended 
for  market  in  six  weeks  or  less. 

19.  If  virus  blood  is  spilled  during  the  operation,  pour  disinfectant 
over  it  immediately.  If  any  virus  remains  after  treatment,  destroy  it 
by  adding  to  it  several  times  its  volume  of  strong  disinfectant. 

20.  Quarantine  all  hogs  that  receive  the  serum  and  virus  treat- 
ment on  ground  that  does  not  permit  infection  of  other  pens. 

Don't  inject  sick  hogs. 

Don't  underestimate  the  weight  of  the  hog  to  save  serum.  Thin 
hogs  should  be  estimated  at  the  weight  they  would  be  if  fat. 

Don't  use  serum  for  virus,  or  virus  for  serum. 

Don't  use  the  same  syringe  for  serum  and  virus. 

Don't  let  water  from  your  hands  drip  into  the  serum  when  filling 
the  syringe. 

Don't  let  dust  get  into  the  serum. 

Don't  pour  serum  left  in  the  syringe  back  into  the  bottle. 

Don't  stick  the  bone  in  injecting. 

Don't  catch  pigs  when  injecting  serum.     Have  helpers  do  that. 

Don't  hurry. 

Don't  treat  hogs  at  all  unless  the  disease  is  among  them  or  in  the 
vicinity  making  their  infection  probable. 

Don't  let  a  person  who  has  never  done  the  work  before  use  the 
serum  and  virus  on  your  hogs. 


12 


DOSAGE  TABLES 


' 

Double  method 
First                       Seco 
treatment                treatr 
Serum             Serum 

Suckling     pigs,     2- 

Serum  alone 
Serum 
-5 

Serum  &  virus 
Serum            Virus 

nent 

Virus 

weeks  old  

...  10-15  cc. 

25  cc. 

V-2  CC. 

10-15  cc. 

1 5  cc. 

V,  CC. 

30  to     50  pounds.. 

...  20-25  cc. 

35  cc. 

Vi  cc. 

20-25  cc. 

25  cc. 

V2  cc. 

50  to  100  pounds.. 

..  25-30  cc. 

45  cc. 

y2  cc. 

25-30  cc. 

30  cc. 

V-2  CC. 

100  to  150  pounds.. 

..  30-40  cc. 

60  cc. 

1      cc. 

30-40  cc. 

40  cc. 

1         CC. 

150  to  200  pounds.. 

..  40-50  cc. 

75  cc. 

1      cc. 

40-50  cc. 

50  cc. 

1      cc. 

200  to  250  pounds.. 

..  50-60  cc. 

90  cc. 

i  y2  cc. 

50-60  cc. 

60  cc. 

1  V.  cc. 

250  to  300  pounds.. 

..  60-65  cc. 

100  cc. 

2      cc. 

60-65  cc. 

65  cc. 

2      cc. 

300  pounds  and  up 

..  65-70  cc. 

115  cc. 

2      cc. 

65-75  cc. 

75  ec. 

2      cc. 

The  following  table  shows  the  comparative  cost  and  length  of 
immunity  of  the  Serum  Alone  and  the  Serum  and  Virus  methods. 
The  Serum  and  Virus  method  costs  nearly  twice  as  much  as  the  Serum 
Alone,  but  immunity  is  of  much  longer  duration. 


Suckling    pigs,    2   to 

5  weeks  old 3  to 

30  to  50  pounds 3  to 

50  to  100  pounds 3  weeks 

100  to  150  pounds 3  weeks 

150  to  200  pounds 3  weeks 

200  to  250  pounds 3  weeks 

250  to  300  pounds 3  weeks 

300  pounds  and  up....  3  weeks 


Serum  alone 
Length  of  immunity  Cost 


Serum  &  virus 
Length  of  immunity         Cost 


6  weeks 

$0.30 

9  weeks 

.50 

to  6  months 

.60 

to  6  months 

.80 

to  6  months 

1.00 

to  6  months 

1.20 

to  6  months 

1.30 

to  6  months 

1.50 

3  to    6  months 
6  to  12  months 
10  to  18  months 
1  to    2  years 
1  to    2  years 
1  to    2  years 
1  to    2  years 
1  to    2  years 


$0.51 
.71 
.91 
1.22 
1.52 
1.83 
2.04 
2.34 


In  badly  infected  herds  the  Serum  Alone  treatment  should  be 
followed,  the  dosage  of  serum  being  the  same  as  that  used  in  the 
Serum  and  Virus  method.  Pigs  from  highly  immune  sows  are  immune 
until  five  weeks  old  and  the  dosage  of  serum  for  such  pigs  can  be 
decreased  to  half  that  of  the  Serum  and  Virus  method,  the  regular 
dose  of  virus  being  given.  Such  pigs  when  left  in  continuously 
infected  pens  do  not  need  a  second  injection  at  six  months.  This  is 
especially  applicable  to  pigs  from  sows  fed  on  slaughter  house  refuse 
and  garbage. 

HOW  TO  SECURE  SERUM 

The  State  law  requires  the  Agricultural  Experiment   Station  to 

sell  serum  directly  to  resident  hoor  owners.     Veterinarians  who  are 

using  serum  for  their  clients  should  have  them  make  application  for 

the  serum  in  their  own  names.    Until  July  1,  1913,  500  cc.  of  serum, 


13 

enough  for  twenty  30  to  50-pound  shoats,  was  given  free  to  all  hog 
owners  whose  animals  were  already  infected  or  were  in  immediate 
danger  of  contracting  the  disease,  providing  the  proper  application 
blank  was  filled  out  and  signed.  Since  the  state  appropriation  cover- 
ing the  allowance  of  free  serum  was  exhausted  by  the  above  date  and 
no  appropriation  was  made  by  the  State  Legislature  for  the  manufac- 
ture of  hog  serum  for  the  future,  no  more  free  serum  will  be  distri- 
buted. Applications  covering  all  serum  sent  out  must  be  on  file  in 
the  office  of  the  Veterinary  Division,  University  of  California.  As  it 
is  essential  that  the  laboratory  know  the  results  of  the  serum  work 
in  the  field  in  order  to  protect  the  users  of  serum  and  the  experiment 
station,  all  applications  and  reports  of  each  inoculation  on  the  regu- 
lar blanks  furnished  by  the  department  must  be  sent  in  to  the  Veter- 
inary division,  University  of  California,  Berkeley,  or  there  will  be 
made  at  the  end  of  five  weeks  an  additional  charge  of  lc  per  hog  for 
the  application  and  for  each  of  the  four  reports  not  sent  in,  or  a  total 
of  5c  per  hog.  If  the  number  of  hogs  treated  is  not  given  the  charge 
will  be  reckoned  at  the  rate  of  lc  per  30  cubic  centimeters  of  serum 
shipped.  If  application  is  made  by  letter  or  telegram  the  regular  form 
will  be  placed  in  the  box  of  serum  and  should  be  at  once  filled  out, 
signed  and  mailed.  Application  blanks  may  be  obtained  by  addressing 
the  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Veterinary  Division,  Berkeley, 
California;  the  State  Veterinarian,  Sacramento,  California;  and  the 
live  stock  inspectors  of  the  various  counties.  The  Experiment  Station 
has  tried  to  distribute  blanks  to  as  many  hog  raisers,  dairymen  and 
veterinarians  as  possible. 

In  cases  where  a  night  telegram  is  necessary  in  sending  for  serum, 
the  following  form  should  be  used: 


Veterinary  Division.  University  of  California,  Berkeley,  Calif. 

Send  hog  serum  to for hogs 

(Name  of  express  office)  (Number  of  hogs) 

Total  weight Before  using  serum   I 

(Total  weight  in  pounds) 

agree  to  fill  out,  sign  and  mail  application  blanks  and  reports  fur- 
nished with  serum.     I  am  a  resident  of  California. 


(Signed)  

(Owner  of  hogs) 


14 

About  a  year  ago,  owing  to  the  demand  in  the  Imperial  Valley  for 
serum,  a  distributing  station  was  located  at  Meloland  and  since  that 
date  all  orders  for  the  Imperial  Valley  are  filled  at  that  station.  Con- 
siderable time  is  saved  by  sending  these  orders  directly  to  Walter  E. 
Packard  at  Meloland.  All  unused  serum  on  such  orders  for  which 
credit  is  desired,  however,  must  be  returned  by  express,  charges  pre- 
paid, to  the  Veterinary  Division,  University  of  California,  Berkeley, 
California,  within  the  time  limit  stamped  on  the  bottle. 

When  application  is  made  by  letter  or  telegram  to  the  station  for 
serum  and  the  order  is  shipped  and  the  package  returned,  none  of 
the  serum  having  been  used,  a  charge  of  $1.00  will  be  made  to  cover 
the  expense  of  packing  and  handling  the  order. 


STATION  PUBLICATIONS  AVAILABLE  FOR  DISTRIBUTION 


REPORTS 

1896.  Report  of  the  Viticultural  Work  during  the  seasons  1887-93,  with  data  regarding  the 

Vintages  of  1894-95. 

1897.  Resistant  Vines,  their  Selection,  Adaptation,  and  Grafting.     Appendix  to  Viticultural 

Report  for  1896. 

1902.  Report  of  the  Agricultural  Experiment   Station  for   1898-1901. 

1903.  Report  of  the  Agricultural  Experiment   Station  for   1901-03. 

1904.  Twenty-second  Report  of  the  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  for  1903-04. 


BULLETINS 


No. 
Reprint.   Endurance  of  Drought  in   Soils  of 
the  Arid  Region. 
128.    Nature,     Value,     and     Utilization     of 
Alkali     Lands,     and     Tolerance     of 
Alkali.         (Revised      and      Reprint, 
1905.) 
133.   Tolerance   of   Alkali   by   Various   Cul- 
tures. 
*147.   Culture  Work  of  the   Sub-stations. 
*162.   Commercial      Fertilizers.         (Dec.     1, 
1904.) 
164.   Poultry     Feeding     and      Proprietary 
Foods. 
*165.   Asparagus    and    Asparagus    Rust    in 

California. 
*167.   Manufacture    of   Dry   Wines    in    Hot 
Countries. 

168.  Observations  on   Some  Vine  Diseases 

in  Sonoma  County. 

169.  Tolerance     of     the     Sugar     Beet     for 

Alkali. 

170.  Studies  in   Grasshopper  Control. 

171.  Commercial    Fertilizers.       (June     30, 

1905.) 
174.   A  New  Wine-Cooling  Machine. 
*176.    Sugar     Beets     in    the     San     Joaquin 
Valley. 

177.  A   New   Method  of  Making   Dry  Red 

Wine. 

178.  Mosquito   Control. 

179.  Commercial  Fertilizers.    (June,  1906.) 

181.  The  Selection  of  Seed  Wheat. 

182.  Analysis    of    Paris    Green    and    Lead 

Arsenic.    Proposed  Insecticide  Law. 

183.  The  California  Tussock-moth. 

184.  Report    of    the    Plant    Pathologist    to 

July  1,  1906. 

185.  Report  of  Progress  in  Cereal  Investi- 

gations. 

186.  The  Oidium  of  the  Vine. 

187.  Commercial  Fertilizers.     (Jan.,  1907.) 
*188.   Lining  of  Ditches  and  Reservoirs  to 

Prevent  Seepage  Losses. 
189.   Commercial  Fertilizers.    (June,  1907.) 
*191.   California  Peach  Blight. 
192.    Insects  Injurious  to  the  Vine  of  Cali- 
fornia. 

194.  Commercial  Fertilizers.     (Dec,  1907.) 

195.  The  California  Grape  Root-worm. 

197.  Grape     Culture     in     California;     Im- 

proved   Methods    of    Wine-making; 
Yeast  from  California  Grapes. 

198.  The  Grape  Leaf-Hopper. 

199.  Bovine  Tuberculosis. 

201.  Commercial  Fertilizers.    (June,  1908.) 

202.  Commercial  Fertilizers.     (Dec,  1908.) 


No. 

203. 

204. 

205. 
206. 
207. 
208. 
209. 
210. 

211. 

212. 
213. 
214. 
215. 

216. 


217. 
218. 
219. 

220. 

fc221. 

222. 

223. 

224. 

225. 

226. 

227. 
"228. 
^229. 

230. 

231. 

232. 
233. 


234. 
235. 
236. 
237. 
'238. 
239. 


Report  of  the  Plant  Pathologist  to 
July  1,   1909. 

The  Dairy  Cow's  Record  and  the 
Stable. 

Commercial  Fertilizers.     (Dec,  1909.) 

Commercial  Fertilizers.    (June,  1910.) 

The  Control  of  the  Argentine  Ant. 

The  Late  Blight  of  Celery. 

The  Cream   Supply. 

Imperial  Valley  Settler's  Crop 
Manual. 

How  to  Increase  the  Yield  of  Wheat 
in    California. 

California  White  Wheats. 

The  Principles  of  Wine-making. 

Citrus  Fruits  Insects. 

The  House  Fly  in  its  Relation  to 
Public  Health. 

A  Progress  Report  upon  Soil  and 
Climatic  Factors  Influencing  the 
Composition  of  Wheat. 

Honey   Plants   of   California. 

California   Plant  Diseases. 

Report  of  Live  Stock  Conditions  in 
Imperial  County,   California. 

Fumigation  Studies  No.  5 ;  Dosage 
Tables. 

Commercial  Fertilizers.      (Oct.,  1911.) 

The  Red  or  Orange  Scale. 

The  Black  Scale. 

The  Production  of  tne  Lima  Bean. 

Tolerance  of  Eucalyptus  for  Alkali. 

The   Purple   Scale." 

Grape  Vinegar. 

Pear  Thrips  and  Peach  Tree  Borer. 

Hog  Cholera   and  Preventive   Serum. 

Enological  Investigations. 

Walnut  Culture  in  California.  Wal- 
nut Blight. 

Commercial  Fertilizers. 

Three  Years'  Work  ©f  the  Ferndale 
(Humboldt  County)  Cow  Testing 
Association. 

Red  Spiders  and  Mites  of  Citrus 
Trees. 

Further  Proof  of  the  Cause  and  In- 
fectiousness of  Crown  Gall. 

The  Economic  Value  of  the  Western 
Meadowlark   in    California. 

Pork  Production  under  California 
Conditions. 

The  Selective  Improvement  of  the 
Lima  Bean. 

The  Culture  of  Tomatoes  in  Califor- 
nia, with  Special  Reference  to  Their 
Diseases. 


Edition  exhausted. 


CIRCULARS 

No.  No. 

*1.   Texas  Fever.  81. 

*7.   Remedies  for  Insects.  82. 
9.   Asparagus  Rust. 

*11.   Fumigation  Practice.  83. 

29.  Preliminary   Announcement   Concern-  84. 

ing    Instruction    in    Practical    Agri-  85. 
culture  upon  the  University  Farm, 
Davis,  Cal. 

46.    Suggestions  for  Garden  Work  in  Cali- 
fornia Schools.  86. 

52.   Information  for  Students  Concerning  87. 

the  College  of  Agriculture.  88. 

55.   Farmers'     Institutes    and    University 
Extension    in   Agriculture. 

*60.   Butter  Scoring  Contest,  1910.  89. 

61.  University  Farm  School.  90. 

62.  The  School  Garden  in  the  Course  of  91. 

Study.  92. 

63.  How  to  Make  an  Observation  Hive. 

65.  The  California   Insecticide   Law.  *93. 

66.  Insecticides   and   Insect   Control.  94. 
*67.  Development     of     Secondary     School  95. 

Agriculture   in   California.  96. 

68.  The  Prevention  of  Hog  Cholera.  97. 

69.  The  Extermination  of  Morning-Glory.  98. 

70.  Observation    of    the    Status    of    Corn 

Growing  in  California.  99. 

74.  Rice.  100. 

75.  A  New  Leakage  Gauge.  101. 

76.  Hot  Room  Callusing. 

77.  University  Farm  School.  102. 

78.  Announcement     of     Farmers'      Short  *103. 

Courses  for   1912.  104. 

79.  List  of   Insecticide  Dealers.  105. 

80.  Boys'  and  Girls'  Clubs. 


Sweet  Pea  Growing  Clubs. 

The  Common  Ground  Squirrels  of 
California. 

Potato  Growing  Clubs. 

Mushrooms  and  Toadstools. 

A  Preliminary  Report  of  a  Nematode 
Observed  on  Citrus  Roots  and  its 
Possible  Relation  with  the  Mottled 
Appearance  of  Citrus  Trees. 

Olives  in  California. 

Alfalfa. 

Advantages  to  the  Breeder  in  Test- 
ing his  Pure-bred  Cows  for  the 
Register   of  Merit. 

Hog  Cholera  and  its  Prevention. 

Tuberculosis  in  Cattle  and  Hogs. 

Disinfection  on  the  Farm. 

Infectious  Abortion  and  Sterility  in 
Cows. 

Bean    Growing    Clubs. 

The  Dairyman's   Relation  to   Quality. 

Detecting  Dairy  Losses. 

Pork  Production. 

Increasing  Dairy  Profits. 

Plowing  and  Cultivating  Soils  in 
California. 

Hatching  and  Rearing  of  Chicks. 

Pruning  Frosted  Citrus  Trees. 

Codling  Moth  Control  in  the  Sacra- 
mento Valley. 

The  Woolly  Aphis. 

Chemical  Analvses  of  Waters. 

The  Amended  Insecticide   Law. 

Analyses  of  Insecticides  for  Users. 


Edition  exhausted. 


